– One in 14 women sexually assaulted, first global estimate of abuse concludes (South China Morning Post/AFP, Feb 12, 2014):
Attacks are a big and widely overlooked problem, the first global estimate of abuse by someone other than a partner concludes
Worldwide, one woman in 14 has been sexually assaulted by someone other than a partner, according to the first global estimate of the problem.
Its authors said that despite important gaps in data, the overall picture is clear: sex attacks on women are a big and widely overlooked problem.
Reported in The Lancet, researchers carried out an overview of investigations in 56 countries.
Their data was trawled from scientific journals and “grey” literature, meaning reports in publications that may not be peer-reviewed.
They identified 77 usable studies, providing 412 estimates of violence.
Overall, 7.2 per cent of women 15 older said they had been sexually attacked at least once by someone who was not their intimate partner.
“Our findings indicate a pressing health and human rights concern,” the investigators said.
The highest rates were in sub-Saharan Africa – 21 per cent in the centre (Democratic Republic of Congo) and 17.4 per cent in the south (Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe) – followed by 16.4 per cent in Australia and New Zealand.
The lowest reported prevalence was in South Asia (India and Bangladesh) at 3.3 per cent, and north Africa and the Middle East at 4.5 per cent.
Within Europe, three countries in the east (Lithuania, Ukraine, Azerbaijan) had a lower level of sexual assault (6.9 per cent) than countries in the centre (10.7 per cent) and west (11.5 per cent). The figure for North America was 13 per cent.
“We found that sexual violence is a common experience for women worldwide and in some regions is endemic, reaching more than 15 per cent in four regions,” said lead investigator Naeemah Abrahams, of the South African Medical Research Council in Cape Town.
The wide differences between regions could be explained by varying levels of disclosure, the authors said, noting cultures in which victims of sexual violence are stigmatised and likelier to conceal their ordeal.
Abrahams acknowledged the study’s limitations.
Data were good from most of Europe, Oceania, Australasia, North America and Southeast Asia, but sketchy or lacking in parts of South Asia, north and central Africa and the Middle East. Some countries had no data at all.
Also, the definition of sexual violence was determined by the authors of the original studies, and was not standardised.
But most studies used a common, broad question, of the kind: “Were you ever forced to have sex or perform a sexual act when you did not want to with someone other than your partner?”